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Gustafsson, B., & Ding, S. (2020). Unequal Growth: How Household Income and Poverty in Urban China Have Developed since 1988, with an Emphasis on the Period 2007-2013. China Economic Review, 65, 101561.

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Assessment of China’s Higher Education Enrollment Expansion Policy and Its Impact on the Labor Market

  AUTHORS: Winnifred Naasag Mwinviel, Guosong Wu

  KEYWORDS: Higher Education Enrollment Expansion Policy (HEEEP), Labor Market Inefficiencies, Skill Mismatches, Underemployment, Regional Disparities, Wage Stagnation, Vocational Training Decline, Tertiary Education, Human Capital Development

  JOURNAL NAME: Open Journal of Social Sciences, Vol.13 No.10, September 30, 2025

  ABSTRACT: This study evaluates the labor market implications of China’s Higher Education Enrollment Expansion Policy (HEEEP), implemented in 1999 to accelerate human capital development and economic modernization. While the policy significantly increased tertiary education enrollment, raising the gross enrollment rate from 9.8% in 1998 to over 50% by 2019, it introduced structural challenges, including skill mismatches, underemployment, and regional disparities. Using interdisciplinary evidence from national surveys and statistical yearbooks, we analyze inefficiencies such as stagnant wages for tertiary-educated workers, sectoral imbalances, and widening supply-demand gaps. We propose targeted reforms, including curriculum modernization, vocational revitalization, and policies addressing regional disparities, to align educational expansion with labor market demands and ensure long-term economic resilience.