TITLE:
Rule-Based Energy Storage Deployment Strategy for Enhancing the Performance of Distribution Network with Photovoltaic and Electric Vehicle
AUTHORS:
Mirza Danish Mohd Rosli, Junainah Sardi, Surina Mat Suboh
KEYWORDS:
Photovoltaic, Electric Vehicle, Energy Storage System, Voltage Profile, PV Ramp Rate
JOURNAL NAME:
Journal of Power and Energy Engineering,
Vol.13 No.9,
September
26,
2025
ABSTRACT: The increasing integration of photovoltaic (PV) systems and electric vehicles (EVs) into distribution networks (DNs) presents significant operational challenges, including voltage fluctuations, reverse power flow, and rapid PV ramp rates. This paper proposes a rule-based strategy for deploying battery energy storage systems (BESS) to mitigate these issues and enhance the overall performance of the DN. The study evaluates the impacts of high PV and EV penetration on distribution network, performance using simulation models in OpenDSS, an open-source electric power distribution system simulator. A rule-based approach is then developed to determine strategic BESS dispatch strategies and sizing, targeting improvements in voltage stability, power quality, and system reliability. The proposed methodology is validated on a modified IEEE 33-bus radial distribution system comprising mixed loads (residential, industrial, and commercial) under PV penetration levels of 25% and 50%, with an EV penetration level of 10%. The optimal BESS allocations are identified at buses 18 and 33, with capacities of 1436 kW/5526 kWh and 1816 kW/10,854 kWh, respectively. Results indicate that higher PV penetration (50%) necessitates larger BESS capacities to sustain network reliability. The proposed allocation strategy ensures that bus voltages and PV ramp rates remain within permissible limits, while reverse power flow (RPF) is substantially mitigated. The proposed method offers a practical framework for grid operators to manage distributed energy resources efficiently, contributing to a more resilient and sustainable power system.