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Graus, F., Titulaer, M.J., Balu, R., Benseler, S., Bien, C.G., Cellucci, T., et al. (2016) A Clinical Approach to Diagnosis of Autoimmune Encephalitis. The Lancet Neurology, 15, 391-404.
https://doi.org/10.1016/s1474-4422(15)00401-9

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Anti-NMDA-Receptor Encephalitis: Clinical Case Study and Implications for Nurse Practitioners

  AUTHORS: Ayman Tailakh, Taqialdeen Zamil, Keirstin Uomoto

  KEYWORDS: Anti-NMDAR Encephalitis, Autoimmune Encephalitis, Acute Psychosis, Nurse Practitioner, Diagnostic Criteria

  JOURNAL NAME: Open Journal of Medical Psychology, Vol.14 No.4, September 23, 2025

  ABSTRACT: Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis is a treatable autoimmune encephalitis that often presents with acute behavioral change or psychosis and rapidly evolves to dysautonomia, movement disorder, seizures, and decreased level of consciousness. We report a 26-year-old woman who presented to an Emergency Department (ED) with first-episode psychosis, autonomic instability, and orofacial dyskinesias. After an initial medical evaluation, the patient was referred to the ED Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner (NP), whose prompt application of a structured autoimmune-encephalitis diagnostic approach enabled expedited neurology consultation, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) confirmation of anti-GluN1 antibodies, and early immunotherapy (steroids, plasma exchange, rituximab). At the three-month follow-up, she had resumed full-time work without psychotropic medication. This case underscores the value of structured diagnostic reasoning and early referral pathways in the emergency department.