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Xiong, M., Li, F., Liu, X., Liu, J., Luo, X., Xing, L. et al. (2023). Characterization of Ecosystem Services and Their Trade-Off and Synergistic Relationships under Different Land-Use Scenarios on the Loess Plateau. Land, 12, Article 2087.
https://doi.org/10.3390/land12122087

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Challenges Faced by (Quasi-) Landless Villagers in the Mountainous Region of Kivu, DRC

  AUTHORS: Godefroid Baguma Kabobya, Jean-Berckmans Bahananga Muhigwa, Jean Pierre Kashangabuye Cirimwami

  KEYWORDS: Landless Villagers, Mountainous Region, Kivu, DRC

  JOURNAL NAME: Open Journal of Social Sciences, Vol.13 No.9, September 22, 2025

  ABSTRACT: The living conditions of small-scale farmers in the South Kivu uplands, DRC, were evaluated. A detailed questionnaire was sent out randomly in two chiefdoms, with a sample of 290 households in 10 administrative Divisions. In addition, 120 households were interviewed in focus groups. The results show that the majority of households earn their living from agriculture. The poorest are day laborers (9%). The sale of alcoholic beverages, sweets or water, handicrafts, and livestock breeding represent secondary sources of income (7%), with the remainder represented by street vendors and artisanal miners. The monthly income is often less than $50 (43%) or between $50 - 100 (37%) and rarely beyond $200 (3%). Households with less than 2 meals have very low monthly incomes ( 14, twice as many as in households with fewer than 9 people.