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National Institute of Standards and Technology (2025) NIST Ion Clock Sets New Record for Most Accurate Clock in the World.

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• TITLE: Atomic Clock-Based Method for Satellite Attitude and Altitude Determination

  AUTHORS: Joshua Sorell

  KEYWORDS: Atomic Clocks, Satellite Attitude Determination, Time Dilation, Gravitational Navigation, Planetary Exploration

  JOURNAL NAME: Advances in Aerospace Science and Technology, Vol.10 No.3, September 19, 2025

  ABSTRACT: Time dilation is a measurable change in the passage of time caused by differences in gravitational potential, a key prediction of general relativity. Recent advances in atomic clock precision allow such differences to be detected over small separations relative to that gravitational potential. This capability introduces a new approach to satellite attitude and altitude determination, independent of line-of-sight, optical, or magnetic-field-based sensing. This method could be particularly valuable for planetary landing and navigation missions, including those on the Moon and Mars, where traditional reference systems may be unavailable or unreliable.