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McGaugh, S.S., Schombert, J.M., Lelli, F. and Franck, J. (2024) Accelerated Structure Formation: The Early Emergence of Massive Galaxies and Clusters of Galaxies. The Astrophysical Journal, 976, Article No. 13.
https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad834d

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Irreversible Thermodynamics of Cosmological Matter Creation

  AUTHORS: Amos S. Kubeka, Alireza Amani, Mantile Lekala, Michele Nardelli

  KEYWORDS: Internal Energy, Very Early Universe, James Webb Space Telescope Isothermal Irreversible Expansion, Hubble Parameter

  JOURNAL NAME: Journal of Modern Physics, Vol.16 No.9, September 16, 2025

  ABSTRACT: In this paper, we derive the expression of the internal energy of the universe, and we then study the physics of the very early universe from a thermodynamic point of view. In the process, we obtain interesting new physics about the actual time frames of the known key stages of the evolution of the universe in relation to the entropy of the universe. This then has the implication for the understanding of cosmology as we know it, and in particular the time frame of the large-scale structure formation as pointed out in the recent results from the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). We complete the paper by studying the isothermal irreversible expansion of the universe and thus obtain the relation between irreversible particle creation and the Hubble parameter.