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Endoscopic Diagnosis and Treatment of Esophageal and Gastric Varices Group of the Digestive Endoscopy Branch of the Chinese Medical Association (2023) Expert Consensus on Endoscopic Tissue Glue Injection Treatment of Cirrhotic Portal Hypertension Gastrointestinal Varices (2022, Changsha). Chinese Journal of Digestive Endoscopy, 40, 12-23.

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Research Progress on Treatment Strategies for Rebleeding Esophageal and Gastric Varices in Cirrhosis

  AUTHORS: Shanshan Lan, Chuanxin Zou

  KEYWORDS: Cirrhosis, Portal Hypertension, Esophageal and Gastric Variceal Bleeding, Drug Therapy, Endoscopic Therapy, Interventional Therapy, Individualized Therapy, Therapeutic Advances

  JOURNAL NAME: Journal of Biosciences and Medicines, Vol.13 No.9, September 11, 2025

  ABSTRACT: This article provides a systematic review of comprehensive treatment strategies for esophagogastric variceal bleeding in portal hypertension. For pharmacological treatment, nonselective β-blockers (e.g., carvedilol) and vasoactive agents (e.g., terlipressin) reduce portal pressure and improve hemostasis through distinct mechanisms. Endoscopic treatments include variceal ligation (EVL) and cyanoacrylate injection for esophageal and gastric varices, respectively. Regarding interventional therapy, early transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) can significantly improve prognosis in high-risk patients. Additionally, individualized treatment strategies based on etiology, Child-Pugh classification, and hemodynamic assessment are becoming a clinical focus. Future research should prioritize optimizing combination therapies and expanding applications of novel interventional techniques. This article integrates current evidence to provide systematic guidance for clinical decision-making.