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Navas, S., Amsler, C., Gutsche, T., Hanhart, C., Hernandez-Rey, J.J. and Lourenco, C. (2024) Review of Particle Physics. Physical Reviews D, 110, Article ID: 030001.
https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.110.030001

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Masses of W and Z Bosons

  AUTHORS: Frank Rafie

  KEYWORDS: Fundamental Particles, Neutron Decay, Quarks, Bosons

  JOURNAL NAME: Journal of Modern Physics, Vol.16 No.8, August 25, 2025

  ABSTRACT: In this paper, it is hypothesized that within a free neutron there is a virtual “dormant” force carrier Z0 boson with the same net charge and can get “activated” by the down quark decay and transforms itself into a virtual “dormant” force carrier W+ boson within the newly formed proton with the same net charge and discharges the remainder, which is not a boson and has a negative charge, into an electron and an electron-antineutrino, and as the result both the charge and energy are conserved. It is demonstrated that the masses of the Z0 and W+ bosons are directly proportional to the total mass of the valence quarks in neutron and proton, respectively. Two expressions for the sum and the differences of Z0 and W+ bosons were obtained, and then the mass-energies of W and Z bosons are calculated. The calculated masses of W and Z bosons are 80.3700 GeV and 91.1842 GeV, which are in very close agreement to the reported values by the experimental results.