TITLE:
A Risk-Benefit Analysis for Human Consumption Due to Essential and Toxic Metals in Marine Organisms of Albania
AUTHORS:
Kristi Haka, Alma Shehu, Julian Shehu
KEYWORDS:
Trace Elements, Marine Biota, Albania, Toxicity, Essentiality, Seafood Safety, SAA, Risk Assessment
JOURNAL NAME:
Open Journal of Marine Science,
Vol.15 No.4,
August
14,
2025
ABSTRACT: Trace elements naturally occur in marine ecosystems, with some playing vital roles in biological processes, while others pose toxicological risks to humans and marine organisms. This study presents a comprehensive evaluation of essential and trace metals (Fe, Zn, Cu, Cr, Mn, Ca, Mg) in edible and non-edible tissues of marine species collected along the Albanian coastline. Concentrations were analyzed to assess nutritional benefits, pollution levels, and potential human health risks using indicators such as Estimated Daily Intake (EDI), Target Hazard Quotient (THQ), Hazard Index (HI) and cluster analysis. Results revealed that most species are nutritionally beneficial and safe for consumption, with metal concentrations generally below safety thresholds. However, higher concentrations in liver and gill tissues indicate tissue-specific bioaccumulation. Cluster analysis highlighted differences in metal profiles by species and tissue type, aiding in source discrimination and future monitoring. Overall, the findings support the consumption of Albanian marine species while emphasizing the importance of monitoring specific metals and organs.