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Kongzang Animation Archive (2023). Yan Dingxian’s documents—The Artistic Characteristics of Chinese Animated Films: Speech at the Opening Ceremony of the Jiangsu Provincial Children’s Summer Art Film Exhibition (February 1987). Kongzang Animation.

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• TITLE: Sound Study and the Coordination between Sound and Picture in Water-and-Ink Animation: Taking Where Is Mama, The Cowboy’s Flute, The Deer’s Bell and Feeling from Mountain and Water as Examples

  AUTHORS: Zhiqi Lin

  KEYWORDS: Chinese Water-and-Ink Animation, Shanghai Animation Film Studio, Sound Study, Pictures

  JOURNAL NAME: Art and Design Review, Vol.13 No.3, July 29, 2025

  ABSTRACT: Where Is Mama, The Cowboy’s Flute, The Deer’s Bell and Feeling from Mountain and Water were produced by Shanghai Animation Film Studio from 1960s to 1980s. These four water-and-ink animations show a trend of an increase in natural sound effects (especially recorded natural sounds), the aesthetic of the coordination between sound and picture also changes dynamically. From the perspective of sound study, this essay deals with the detailed analysis of specific water-and-ink animations and the possible reasons for the changing trend—inertia in creativity of a specific era and the personal aesthetic consciousness of animation creators.