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OECD (2023). Better Regulation for the Green Transition. OECD Public Governance Policy Papers, № 40, OECD Publishing.

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• TITLE: Institutional Models of Economic Greening: Comparative Analysis and Transformation Pathways for Belarus

  AUTHORS: Batava Nadzeya

  KEYWORDS: Economic Greening, Institutional Models, Typology, Sustainable Develop-ment, Environmental Governance, ESG, Belarus

  JOURNAL NAME: Open Journal of Social Sciences, Vol.13 No.5, May 30, 2025

  ABSTRACT: Modern global challenges—including climate change, biodiversity loss, and natural resource degradation—necessitate the integration of environmental priorities into economic and social processes. This article proposes a typology of institutional models of economic greening, comprising directive, coordination-market, network, and hybrid approaches. Based on an analysis of national practices in Finland (network model), Austria (coordination-market), Turkmenistan (directive), and China (hybrid), an institutional profile of Belarus is developed. The study finds that Belarus demonstrates features of an institutionally hybrid (state-market) regime with a dominant role of the state. Drawing on international experience, the article formulates key transformation pathways aimed at improving the institutional environment and enhancing the effectiveness of economic greening in Belarus.