TITLE:
Communication: A Simpler and More Applicable 2nd Law of Thermodynamics
AUTHORS:
Kuo-Chung Liu
KEYWORDS:
Atomistic Features, Chemical Potential, Interaction, Spontaneous Evolution, Driving Force, Surface Energy, Interface, Surface Tension, Osmotic Pressure, Reverse Osmosis, Concentration, Capillary, Thermocouple, Kinetics, Phase Transition, Diffusion, Redox, Mergence
JOURNAL NAME:
Advances in Materials Physics and Chemistry,
Vol.15 No.3,
March
28,
2025
ABSTRACT: The author derived the rule of Atomistic 2nd Law of Thermodynamics which is more compatible with Mother Nature, and is simpler and more applicable. A comparison between the Atomistic and Classic 2nd Law of Thermodynamics is reported, and the former can be regarded as the widening of the latter. Based on atomistic view, it’s apparent that the 1st and 2nd Laws of Thermodynamics are closely related. The reported examples are: surface energy, osmotic pressure, reverse osmosis, total potential of interface, chemical potential of gas phase, chemical reaction in gases, chemical reaction in condensed phases, surface tension of liquid, capillary, and thermocouple. The discussed topics are: kinetics should come first, catalyst and activation energy, why the atmosphere of Earth does not diffuse to outer space? Atmosphere of Venus or Mercury, chemical potential and temperature, redox reactions, merging between small and large liquid drops, other driving forces, and non-applicability of the Atomistic 2nd Law of Thermodynamics.