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Müller, M., Heicappell, R., Steiner, U., Merkle, E., Aschoffm, A.J. and Miller, K. (1998) The average dose-area product at intravenous urography in 205 adults. The British Journal of Radiology, 71, 210-212.

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• TITLE: Patient dose from radiographic rejects/repeats in radiology centers of Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Iran

  AUTHORS: Nasrollah Jabbari, Ahad Zeinali, Leili Rahmatnezhad

  KEYWORDS: Patient Dose; Radiography; Exposure; Repeat Rate

  JOURNAL NAME: Health, Vol.4 No.2, February 27, 2012

  ABSTRACT: Medical diagnostic X-rays are the largest manmade source of ionizing radiation received by the members of the general public. The aim of this study was to evaluate the radiographic reject/repeat rate and also to determine dose to the patients from radiographic rejects/repeats in radiology centers of Urmia University of Medical Sciences. During a 4 month period the most frequently examinations were chosen in three radiology centers. A form was designed as a reject/repeat analysis form for radiographers to complete each time a film was rejected by radiologists or repeated. The collected data were compiled at the end of each week and entered into a computer for analysis at the end of study. The results of this study showed that highest and lowest repetition rates were for pelvis, 14.01% and upper limb, 4.17%, respectively. The main reasons of repetition of radiographs were due to exposure (54%) and positioning (18%) errors. The average repeat rate in all three hospitals was 7.20%. It was found that human error has important role to repetition of radiographs. It is demonstrated that those patients having repeated radiographs received an average of 3.23 Gy·cm2. Based on the findings of this study it must be remembered that the highest repetition rate was for pelvis. Considering the radiosensitive organs related to pelvis especially in pediatric patients some special considerations must be applied for pelvis examinations.