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Irani, A. (2025) The Charge of Electrons from White Dwarf Stars Create the Majority of Black Holes. London Journal of Research in Science: Natural & Formal, 25.

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Problems with the Tokamak—Challenges, Issues, and Solutions in Fusion Research

  AUTHORS: Ardeshir Irani

  KEYWORDS: Tokamak Disruption, Fusion Research Challenges, Mini Black Hole Formation, Plasma Confinement, Superconducting Magnets, High Density and Temperature, Electron Degeneracy Pressure

  JOURNAL NAME: Journal of High Energy Physics, Gravitation and Cosmology, Vol.11 No.2, April 29, 2025

  ABSTRACT: A new effect has been added to explain the disruption of the Tokamak which involves the creation of a mini black hole by the hot electrons within the plasma of the Tokamak. The problem arises because of the high density and high temperature requirements for fusion since the current magnetic fields are not strong enough to confine the hot electrons, but the use of superconducting magnets could mitigate this problem. In the sun, the confinement is provided by gravity. Since White Dwarf Stars are supported by electron degeneracy pressure and not by gravity, they too give rise to these smaller sized black holes before destroying themselves.