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Friedmann, A. (1924) Calculation of the Mass of the Universe, the Radius of the Universe, the Age of the Universe and the Quantum of Speed. Zeitschrift für Physik, 21, 326-332.

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Evidence for a Steady-State Universe

  AUTHORS: Dave E. Dunstan

  KEYWORDS: Cosmology, Early Universe, Large Scale Structure of Universe, Gravitation

  JOURNAL NAME: Journal of Modern Physics, Vol.16 No.4, April 17, 2025

  ABSTRACT: A simple gravitational alternative to the Hubble-Lemaitre Law is presented. Measured redshifts are attributed to gravitation rather than recessional velocity. The measured redshift-distance data fits a gravitational potential with constant mass. Redshift is then a measure of the gravitational potential and the space-time curvature of the early universe. The redshift-distance data is fitted to a constant mass of 3.8 × 1053 kg (1.8 × 1023 Msol) which is 2.4 times the estimated total mass of ordinary matter in the current universe. The expanding and accelerating universe is not predicted and the speculation of dark energy is no longer required.