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Kumar, S., Sigmon, D., Miller, T., Carpenter, B., Khan, S., Malhotra, R., Scheid, C. and Menon, M. (1991) A new model of nephrolithiasis involving tubular dysfunction/ injury. Journal of Urology, 146, 1384-1389.

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Inhibition of calcium oxalate nephrotoxicity with Zamzam water

  AUTHORS: Saeed S. Al-Ghamdi

  KEYWORDS: Zamzam Water; Calcium Oxalate; Nephrotoxicity

  JOURNAL NAME: Open Journal of Preventive Medicine, Vol.2 No.1, February 24, 2012

  ABSTRACT: Zamzam water is well known of its high conductivity. For this fact urologist and nephrologists recommend their patients who are suffering from kidney stones not to drink this water because it could worse their health status. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of Zamzam water on calcium oxalate nephrotoxicity in experimentally induced kidney stones in male Wistar albino rats. Calcium oxalate crystals were induced by orally administration of 200 mg of glycolic acid dissolved in the drinking water. The rats were divided into three groups; six rats each. These include positive control group (given glycolic acid), test group (given glycolic acid plus Zamzam water) and negative group (given drinking water only). After two weeks of treatment, blood analysis of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine showed significant differences in positive control group compared to the negative control group, whereas no significant differences were noticed in the level of BUN and creatinine between both the negative control and the test group. Moreover, urine analysis showed a high density of calcium oxalate crystals in the positive control group, whereas no crystals were detected in the negative control and the test groups. Histopathological investigations showed damaging in kidneys of the positive control group with no tissue abnormalities in the negative control and the test group. I concluded from this study that Zamzam water prevents the formation calcium oxalate stone, which probably mean that it has no negative effect on patients suffering from kidney disorders due to crystals formation.