TITLE:
Extracting a Cosmic Age of 14.6 Billion Years from All 580 Supernova Redshifts in the Union2 Database
AUTHORS:
Eugene Terry Tatum, Espen Gaarder Haug
KEYWORDS:
Cosmic Age, Supernova Redshifts, Union2 Database, Early Galaxy Formation Problem, Haug-Tatum Cosmology, Rh = ct Model, Black Holes, Hubble Tension
JOURNAL NAME:
Journal of Modern Physics,
Vol.16 No.4,
March
27,
2025
ABSTRACT: Haug and Tatum have recently developed a cosmological model that tightly links cosmic age, the Hubble constant, cosmic temperature, cosmological redshift and the Planck length in a manner fully consistent with general relativity. The original 2015 Tatum et al. model, a “growing black hole” sub-class of
R
h
=ct
models, predicted a remarkably-accurate Hubble constant value of 66.89 km/s/Mpc when inputting the 2009 Fixsen CMB temperature of 2.72548 ± 0.00057 K to their CMB temperature formula. Rearrangement of this formula also gave a cosmic age of approximately 14.617 billion years. In the current paper, we continue to apply the Haug and Tatum algorithm of fitting cosmologic parameters to the entire Union2 supernova redshift database. In contrast to the Lambda-CDM model assertion of a 13.8 billion-year cosmic age, we find that the Union2 database matches with a cosmic age of approximately 14.6 billion years. Not only do we obtain a predicted cosmic age roughly 800-820 million years older than the standard model, but we also achieve a much lower uncertainty in the cosmic age. Using the most current Dhal et al. CMB temperature (
T
0
=2.725007±0.000024 K
), we derive
t
0
=
14622028851
−421876
+421876
years. Thus, modern astrophysicists and cosmologists have another roughly 800 - 820 million years with which to explain the “surprisingly rapid” growth of the first galaxies and their supermassive black holes.