TITLE:
Pulmonary Embolism at the Luxembourg University Hospital in Bamako: A Cross-Sectional Study of 48 Cases
AUTHORS:
Mamadou Toure, Baba Ibrahima Diarra, Daouda Fofana, Modibo Doumbia, Hamma Sankaré, Ousmane Traoré, Mahan Ameri Diall, Mariam Dagnogo, Mady Sow, Boubacar Diarra, Samba Samaké, Asmaou Keita, Sanoussy Daffé, Souleymane Coulibaly, Ichaka Menta
KEYWORDS:
Pulmonary Embolism, Epidemiology, Clinical, Therapeutics, Evolution, Bamako, Mali
JOURNAL NAME:
World Journal of Cardiovascular Diseases,
Vol.15 No.3,
March
26,
2025
ABSTRACT: Introduction: The objective was to study the epidemiological, clinical, therapeutic and evolutionary aspects of pulmonary embolism at the Luxembourg University Hospital in Bamako. Patients and Methods: Cross-sectional study with prospective recruitment from January to December 2023 including all patients hospitalized in the cardiology department for PE. Results: We collected 48 cases of PE out of 580 hospitalized patients, i.e. a hospital frequency of 8.27%. The predominance was female, with a sex ratio of 0.92. The mean age of patients was 57.42 ± 14.66 years. The 46 - 65 age group was the most affected, at 47.91%. Risk factors for VTE were dominated by sedentary lifestyle (54.16%), hypertension (39.58%), obesity (37.50%), diabetes (22.91%), and history of heart disease (8.33%). The main symptoms were: dyspnea (91.70%), chest pain (70.80%) and cough (25%). The ECG noted: tachycardia (68.75%), S1Q3T3 (18.75%) and right block (6.25%). The simplified PESI score was ≥ 1 in 50% of our patients. Transthoracic cardiac Doppler ultrasound showed right cavitary dilation (64.58%), PAH (52.08%) and right intraventricular thrombus (6.25%). Chest CT angiography was normal at 6.30% and an embolus at 93.70%. DVT was found on venous Doppler of the lower extremities in 41.66% of patients. Treatment consisted of curative dose LMWH with VKA (56.25%) or DOAC (43.75%) relay for a duration of 6 months. Thrombolysis was used in 33.33% of patients with PE at high risk of early mortality. The evolution was favorable at 95.84% and the case fatality rate was 4.16%. Conclusion: Pulmonary embolism is relatively common but underdiagnosed with a female predominance. Chest pain and dyspnea are the classic functional signs.