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Chybowski, F.M., Bergstralh, E.J. and Oesterling, J.E. (1992) The Effect of Digital Rectal Examination on the Serum Prostate Specific Antigen Concentration: Results of a Randomized Study. Journal of Urology, 148, 83-86.
https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-5347(17)36517-5

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Utilizing Prostate Specific Antigen Density to Enhance Diagnostic Accuracy and Minimize Unnecessary Biopsies

  AUTHORS: Fahmi Sabr Raza, Sharadchandra K. Prasad, Areen Ibrahim Saber, Sourabh Karna, Khalid Alaghbar, Nahin M. Hoq, Yousef Abu Osba, Mostafa Gado, Feroz Ali Khan

  KEYWORDS: PSA Density, Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH), Prostate Cancer, Unnecessary Biopsies, Intermediate PSA Levels

  JOURNAL NAME: Open Journal of Urology, Vol.14 No.12, December 30, 2024

  ABSTRACT: To evaluate the effectiveness of PSA density in distinguishing between benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer in patients with intermediate PSA levels (4 - 10 ng/ml) and to reduce unnecessary biopsies. Patients and Methods: 90 patients with PSA levels in the “Gray Zone” PSA (4 - 10 ng/ml) were included. Prostate volumes were estimated using transrectal ultrasonography. Serum PSA levels were measured using an enzyme immunoassay. PSA density was calculated and compared with histopathological results. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS, t-test, and Contingency Coefficient test. Results: A PSA density cutoff of 0.15 ng/ml/cm3 was used for prostate cancer detection. Mean PSA density for BPH patients: 0.0844 ng/ml/cm3. Mean PSA density for prostate cancer patients: 0.172 ng/ml/cm3. Sensitivity: 92.3%, Specificity: 93.5%, Positive Predictive Value: 70.5%, Accuracy: 93.3%. PSA density significantly reduced unnecessary biopsies (p Conclusions: PSA density can be effective in reducing unnecessary biopsies in patients with intermediate PSA levels, particularly those with organ-confined prostate cancer who are candidates for radical treatment.