TITLE:
Managing Heart Failure and Enhancing Quality of Life for Patients with Preserved and Reduced Ejection Fraction
AUTHORS:
Sherin Mathew, Terry Oroszi
KEYWORDS:
Heart Failure, Pathophysiology, Etiology, Reduced Ejection Fraction, Preserved Ejection Fraction, Revascularization, CABG, Ventricular Remodeling, Myocardial Viability
JOURNAL NAME:
World Journal of Cardiovascular Diseases,
Vol.14 No.12,
December
24,
2024
ABSTRACT: Heart failure (HF) is a chronic condition characterized by the heart’s inability to pump blood effectively. Hypertension is a frequent contributing factor. The reduced cardiac output leads to fluid accumulation, causing respiratory distress and chest pain. Ejection fraction (EF), a measure of the left ventricle’s pumping capacity, is crucial in HF diagnosis. HF with reduced EF (HFrEF) is defined by an EF below 40%, often caused by coronary artery disease—approximately half of all HF patients present with HFrEF. The remaining cases encompass HF with mid-range EF (40% - 50%) or HF with preserved EF (HFpEF, EF ≥ 50%).