TITLE:
Burden of Invasive Candidiasis in West Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
AUTHORS:
Seydou Nakanabo Diallo, Isidore W. Yerbanga, Serge Henri Zango, Isabel Montesinos, Olivier Denis, Annie Robert, Sanata Bamba, Hector Rodriguez-Villalobos
KEYWORDS:
Invasive Candidiasis, Epidemiology, West Africa, Meta-Analysis
JOURNAL NAME:
Journal of Biosciences and Medicines,
Vol.12 No.12,
December
12,
2024
ABSTRACT: Invasive candidiasis (IC) is an emerging opportunistic fungal infection associated with high mortality among hospitalized patients. Although the epidemiology of IC is progressively changing worldwide, the trend in Africa still needs to be established. This review aimed to evaluate the epidemiology of IC in Western region of Africa. A comprehensive literature search was performed on major electronic databases to identify relevant articles. DerSimonian and Laird random-effects model was used to pool overall prevalence and estimated incidence data. We identified 1975 articles, among which 23 met our inclusion criteria for the systematic review. Available data showed that only 50% (8/16) of West African countries were reported data on IC and only 25% reported at least one laboratory confirmed IC case. The global prevalence of candidemia and non-candidemic deep-seated candidiasis were 0.35% [95% CI 0.23; 0.47] and 0.32% [95% CI 0.00; 2.03], respectively. Among clinical IC cases, only 5.21% were reported before 2010, while 50.08% were reported in the past 5 years. The pooled estimated incidence was 5.55/100,000 [95% CI 5.46; 5.64] and 1.15/100,000 [95% CI 1.11; 1.19, 95% CI]/inhabitants for candidemia, and Candida peritonitis, respectively. The case fatality rate was 57.58%. Low gestational age, exposure to broad-spectrum antibiotics and invasive procedures were associated with a higher risk of IC in newborn patients. Candida albicans (32.98%) was the most common causative species of IC followed by C. tropicalis (11.34%) and C. parapsilosis (6.19%). This study showed the scarcity of IC data in western region of Africa and the existence of undiagnosed IC cases.