TITLE:
Electrophoretic Profile of Multiple Myeloma at the Biochemistry Laboratory of Dalal Jamm National Hospital
AUTHORS:
Abdourahmane Samba, Souleymane Thiam, Idrissa Yaya Soumah, Fatou Diedhiou, Najaht Fatou Coly, Meyrem Aberkane, Hortense Honorine Médécé Agossou, Abdoulaye Racine Tounkara, Ramatoulaye Ba, Fatou Kiné Thorpe Dia, Arame Ndiaye, Fatou Cissé, Alassane Diatta, Fatou Diallo
KEYWORDS:
Multiple Myeloma, Monoclonal Ig, Serum Protein Electrophoresis, Immunofixation
JOURNAL NAME:
Advances in Biological Chemistry,
Vol.14 No.6,
December
10,
2024
ABSTRACT: Introduction: Multiple myeloma (MM) is characterized by the abnormal proliferation of a plasma cell clone invading the bone marrow, with secretion of a monoclonal immunoglobulin (Ig), detectable by serum protein electrophoresis. The aim of our work was to study the electrophoretic profile of patients with MM. Methods: This is a retrospective descriptive and analytical study including 76 patients with MM, whose serum samples were received at the Biochemistry Department of the Dalal Jamm National Hospital during the period from January 1, 2021 to April 30, 2023. For each patient, we studied epidemiological data (age, sex, service) and biochemical variables (proteinemia, electrophoresis and serum protein immunofixation). Results: The mean age of our patients was 58 ± 10.24 years, with a sex ratio of 0.9, with a female predominance (52.6%). The majority of cohort (71.1%) were consulted as outpatients. Hyperproteinemia was observed in 27.6% of patients, with a mean average of 91.2 ± 25.2 g/L, while hypoalbuminemia was found in 43.4% of patients. A monoclonal peak was noted at the Serum protein electrophoresis (SPEP) in all patients in our series, 75% of whom were in the gamma zone and 22.4% in the beta zone. Immunofixation had objectified kappa-type IgG myeloma in the majority of patients (77.8%). Conclusion: Among the biological markers of MM, serum protein electrophoresis remains the most characteristic for detecting monoclonal immunoglobulin.