TITLE:
Profile of Renal Lithiasis in the Nephrology Department of the Ibn Sina University Hospital Center in Rabat
AUTHORS:
N’mili Manal, Zniber Amal, El Kadiri Nada, Ouzeddoun Naima, Bouattar Tarik, Benamar Loubna
KEYWORDS:
Renal Lithiasis, Chronic Kidney Disease, Cristalluria
JOURNAL NAME:
Open Journal of Nephrology,
Vol.14 No.4,
November
21,
2024
ABSTRACT: Introduction: Renal lithiasis is a very common condition worldwide, linked to the presence of calculi in the urinary tract. It is multifactorial, recurrent and serious. It is the 3rd leading cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in Morocco. The aim of our study is to describe the clinical, paraclinical and management aspects of renal lithiasis in our patients, to determine the factors of recurrence of renal lithiasis and to identify the factors of progression of renal failure. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective, descriptive and analytical study conducted in the nephrology department of CHU IBN Sina in Rabat, over a 3-year period from 2020 to 2023. We included 160 patients with renal lithiasis having a follow-up in our training. We analyzed their epidemiological, clinical, paraclinical and therapeutic profile. Results: The mean age of our patients was 56 +/− 16.6 years, with a M/F sex ratio of 1.02. Lithiasis was expressed by renal colic in 71% of cases, and by stone emission in 31% of cases, although discovery was incidental in 16% of cases. At the time of the first consultation, 59% of patients had renal failure (RF), 15% of whom were at the stage of chronic end-stage renal disease. Crystalluria and calculus spectrophotometry were performed in only 30% and 22% of patients respectively. All patients benefited from hygienic and dietary measures according to the nature of the stone, as well as additional urological management. Recurrence of renal lithiasis was reported in 36% of cases. In univariate analysis, advanced age, male gender, diabetes, hypertension and the presence of recurrent urinary tract infection were factors in the progression to CKD (OR = 0.979, p = 0.035; OR = 0.527, p = 0.48; OR = 4.127, p = 0.015; OR = 1.926; p = 0.015, OR = 2.5 p = 0.019, respectively). In multivariate analysis, only diabetes and high baseline creatinine were factors in the progression to CKD. Recurrence of renal lithiasis was reported in 36.5% of cases. Only the presence of a history of familial lithiasis and of renal cysts on imaging were significantly associated with a risk of renal lithiasis recurrence in univariate analysis. (OR = 3.06, p = 0.035; OR = 5.27, p = 0.017, respectively). Conclusion: Renal lithiasis is a disabling pathology that can be complicated by recurrence and chronic end-stage renal failure. Early diagnosis and identification of factors leading to the recurrence and progression of chronic renal failure could improve management.