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Blood, E.A., Krogh, B.H. and Ilic, M.D. (2008) Electric Power System Static State Estimation through Kalman Filtering and Load Forecasting. 2008 IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting—Conversion and Delivery of Electrical Energy in the 21st Century, Pittsburgh, 20-24 July 2008, 1-6.
https://doi.org/10.1109/pes.2008.4596742

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Determination of Total Vector Error of the Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) Using the Phase Angle Error of a Constant Amplitude Voltage Signal

  AUTHORS: Gabriel Musonda, Ackim Zulu, Charles S. Lubobya

  KEYWORDS: Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU), Phase Angle Error, Total Vector Error (TVE), State estimation, Time Source Error, Constant Amplitude Signal

  JOURNAL NAME: Journal of Power and Energy Engineering, Vol.12 No.11, November 18, 2024

  ABSTRACT: This paper investigates the effect of the Phase Angle Error of a Constant Amplitude Voltage signal in determining the Total Vector Error (TVE) of the Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) using MATLAB/Simulink. The phase angle error is measured as a function of time in microseconds at four points on the IEEE 14-bus system. When the 1 pps Global Positioning System (GPS) signal to the PMU is lost, sampling of voltage signals on the power grid is done at different rates as it is a function of time. The relationship between the PMU measured signal phase angle and the sampling rate is established by injecting a constant amplitude signal at two different points on the grid. In the simulation, 64 cycles per second is used as the reference while 24 cycles per second is used to represent the fault condition. Results show that a change in the sampling rate from 64 bps to 24 bps in the PMUs resulted in phase angle error in the voltage signals measured by the PMU at four VI Measurement points. The phase angle error measurement that was determined as a time function was used to determine the TVE. Results show that (TVE) was more than 1% in all the cases.