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Mayersak, R.J. (2020) Initial Evaluation and Management of Orthopedic Injuries. In: Tintinalli, J.E., Ma, O., Yealy, D.M., Meckler, G.D., Stapczynski, J., Cline, D.M. and Thomas, S.H., Eds., Tintinalli’s Emergency Medicine: A Comprehensive Study Guide, McGraw-Hill Education.
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• TITLE: Developing a Treatment Protocol for Shark Attack Victims

  AUTHORS: Matthew Levenson

  KEYWORDS: Shark Attack, Hypovolemic Shock, Artificial Blood Products, Trauma, Vibrio Species, Anxiety, Depression, PTSD

  JOURNAL NAME: Open Journal of Emergency Medicine, Vol.12 No.4, November 7, 2024

  ABSTRACT: Shark attacks increased 23% globally within the past 20 years on a multifactorial scale through climate change and human impacts, yet healthcare lacks treatment guidelines for these victims. This systematic review proposed a shark attack treatment protocol that will potentially reduce the morbidity and mortality rates by assessing prehospital management with transfusions, hospital management with prophylactic antibiotics, and mental health evaluations to prevent and/or treat psychological impacts. This study screened 463 sources and eliminated 432 sources due to repetition or irrelevance to this study. The protocol initiates with prehospital management by implementing emergency medical service (EMS) to follow the SHARC protocol (systolic blood pressure (SBP) vibrio species. Assessing mental health before and three months after discharge can help prevent and/or treat anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).