TITLE:
Cardioembolic Stroke as a Sequela of General Ventricular Hypokinesia Secondary to Acute Myocarditis in a 16-Year-Old Male
AUTHORS:
Abdul Khattan Rehman, Renaldo Pavrey, Nazir Juvale, Murtaza Bagwala
KEYWORDS:
Paediatric Ischemic Stroke, Adolescent Myocarditis, Ventricular Hypokinesia, Cardioembolic
JOURNAL NAME:
Open Journal of Emergency Medicine,
Vol.12 No.3,
September
19,
2024
ABSTRACT: Paediatric cardiac disease is an established cause of ischemic stroke in the neonatal and infantile groups. These diseases may be congenital or acquired. However, clinical myocarditis is in itself, relatively uncommon in older children. The most common pathogen is Coxsackie virus B. The offending agent instigates an immune response, which causes myocardial oedema with eventual systolic and diastolic dysfunction. Cardioembolic stroke can occur secondary to an intra-mural thrombus in a dysfunctional atrium or ventricle. We describe the case of an adolescent male with acute myocarditis complicated by a thromboembolic stroke. After initial management of acute pulmonary oedema and heart failure with restricted ejection fraction (HFrEF), the child developed seizure-like symptoms on the 10th day of hospitalization, prompting urgent neuro-radio diagnosis, which revealed acute infarcts in the cerebellum and frontal lobe of the cerebrum. We believe this case to be of clinical relevance because; 1) The diagnosis of an acute stroke in children is often delayed due to the atypical clinical presentation and often the absence of traditional stroke-like symptoms, and 2) There is a lack of sufficient high-quality evidence regarding the predictors and the immediate management of stroke in paediatric heart disease, as well as inadequate data on prevalence and incidence in paediatric cardioembolic strokes.