TITLE:
The effects of EPA + DHA and aspirin on inflammatory cytokines and angiogenesis factors
AUTHORS:
Robert C. Block, Usawadee Dier, Pedro Calderon Artero, Gregory C. Shearer, Lisa Kakinami, Mark K. Larson, William S. Harris, Steve Georas, Shaker A. Mousa
KEYWORDS:
Eicosapentaenoic Acid; Docosahexaenoic Acid; Lipid Mediators; Fatty Acids; Angiogenesis;Hemostasis; Platelet Function; Cytokines; Aspirin
JOURNAL NAME:
World Journal of Cardiovascular Diseases,
Vol.2 No.1,
December
31,
2011
ABSTRACT: Objective: In a recent study, we showed that the combination of aspirin plus the ω3 fatty acids eicosapen-taenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) synergistically inhibited platelet function. As aspirin, EPA, and DHA have demonstrated anti-inflammatory properties, we hypothesized that the ingestion of EPA and DHA, with and without aspirin, would reduce plasma levels of inflammatory cytokines and angiogenesis factors more than aspirin alone and before aspirin was ingested. Methods: Using multiplex technology, we investigated the effects of aspirin (single-dose 650 mg on day 1), EPA + DHA (3.4 g/d for days 2 - 29), and aspirin with EPA + DHA (day 30) on plasma levels of inflammatory cytokines and angiogenesis factors in healthy adults. Results: Aspirin alone had no effect on any factor versus baseline, but EPA + DHA, with and without aspirin, significantly reduced concentrations of 8 of 9 factors. Although EPA + DHA plus aspirin reduced concentrations of a subset of the factors compared to baseline, neither aspirin alone nor the combination significantly reduced the
level of any analyte more robustly than EPA + DHA alone. Conclusions: These data suggest that EPA + DHA has more pronounced down-regulatory effects on inflammation and angiogenesis than aspirin. The implications of these findings for the use of combined therapy for cardiovascular disease remain to be clarified.