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Baba, Y., & Austin, D. M. (1989). Neighborhood Environmental Satisfaction, Victimization, and Social Participation as Determinants of Perceived Neighborhood Safety. Environment and Behavior, 21, 763-780.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0013916589216006

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Review and Discussion on the Explanation Model of Fear of Crime

  AUTHORS: Wei Zhang, Liang Zhao, Zhuang Ye

  KEYWORDS: Fear of Crime (FoC), Vulnerability Model, Disorder Model, Victim Model, Social Integration Model

  JOURNAL NAME: Psychology, Vol.15 No.8, August 19, 2024

  ABSTRACT: Over the course of nearly 50 years of researching and developing understanding of the fear of crime, scholars have delved into numerous precursors of this fear. Drawing from these findings, four explanatory models have emerged to elucidate the root causes of this fear. The disorder model emphasizes the role of physical and social disarray, while the victim model centers on personal experiences of victimization. The vulnerability model highlights groups that are physically, mentally, or socially vulnerable. Lastly, the “social integration” model considers collective efficacy alongside factors like race and nationality. This paper aims to review and critique these four models, fostering a deeper comprehension of them and facilitating further exploration into their applicability.