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Levesque, C., Zuehlke, A. N., Stanek, L. R., & Ryan, R. M. (2004). Autonomy and competence in German and American university students: A comparative study based on self-determination theory. Journal of Educational Psychology, 96, 68-84. doi:10.1037/0022-0663.96.1.68

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Friendship Motivation, Aggression, and Self-Esteem in Japanese Undergraduate Students

  AUTHORS: Ryo Okada

  KEYWORDS: Friendship Motivation; Aggression; Self-Esteem; Self-Determination Theory

  JOURNAL NAME: Psychology, Vol.3 No.1, January 5, 2012

  ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship among self-determined friendship motivation (motivation for friendship formation), aggression, and self-esteem in a sample of 262 Japanese university students. The hypothetical model posited that self-determined friendship motivation predicted lower levels of aggression, which, in turn, predicted lower levels of self-esteem. The results showed that self-determined friendship motivation predicted lower levels of anger, hostility, and physical aggression and that hostility and anger predicted lower levels of self-esteem. Verbal aggression was found to be positively associated with self-determined friendship motivation and self-esteem. The different relationships between self-determined friendship motivation and each facet of aggression are discussed.