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Azokpota, E., Alassane, Y.A., Alphonse, S.A., Abdoul Kader, A.M., Constant, A., Virgile, A., Jean, C.A, Julien, A., Daouda, M. and Dominique, S. (2022) Physico-Chemical Characterization of Surface Water, Water from Traditional Wells and Cisterns Consumed in the Town Halls of Agbangnizoun and Za-Kpota in South Benin. Elixir Pollution, 163, 56064-56070.

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Evaluation and Prediction of Groundwater Quality in the Municipality of Za-Kpota (South Benin) Using Machine Learning and Remote Sensing

  AUTHORS: Jennifer A. Ahlonsou, Firmin M. Adandedji, Abdoukarim Alassane, Consolas Adihou, Mama Daouda

  KEYWORDS: Groundwater, Land Use, Electrical Conductivity, Machine Learning, Za-Kpota

  JOURNAL NAME: Journal of Water Resource and Protection, Vol.16 No.7, July 18, 2024

  ABSTRACT: Accessing drinking water is a global issue. This study aims to contribute to the assessment of groundwater quality in the municipality of Za-Kpota (southern Benin) using remote sensing and Machine Learning. The methodological approach used consisted in linking groundwater physico-chemical parameter data collected in the field and in the laboratory using AFNOR 1994 standardized methods to satellite data (Landsat) in order to sketch out a groundwater quality prediction model. The data was processed using QGis (Semi-Automatic Plugin: SCP) and Python (Jupyter Netebook: Prediction) softwares. The results of water analysis from the sampled wells and boreholes indicated that most of the water is acidic (pH varying between 5.59 and 7.83). The water was moderately mineralized, with conductivity values of less than 1500 μs/cm overall (59 µS/cm to 1344 µS/cm), with high concentrations of nitrates and phosphates in places. The dynamics of groundwater quality in the municipality of Za-Kpota between 2008 and 2022 are also marked by a regression in land use units (a regression in vegetation and marshland formation in favor of built-up areas, bare soil, crops and fallow land) revealed by the diachronic analysis of satellite images from 2008, 2013, 2018 and 2022. Surveys of local residents revealed the use of herbicides and pesticides in agricultural fields, which are the main drivers contributing to the groundwater quality deterioration observed in the study area. Field surveys revealed the use of herbicides and pesticides in agricultural fields, which are factors contributing to the deterioration in groundwater quality observed in the study area. The results of the groundwater quality prediction models (ANN, RF and LR) developed led to the conclusion that the model based on Artificial Neural Networks (ANN: R2 = 0.97 and RMSE = 0) is the best for groundwater quality changes modelling in the Za-Kpota municipality.