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V. Krishna and V. C. Ramesh, “Intelligent agents in Neg- otIations in Market Games, Part 2: Application,” IEEE Transactions on Power Systems Vol. 13, No. 3, 1998, pp. 1109-1114.

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: A MPCC-NLP Approach for an Electric Power Market Problem

  AUTHORS: Helena Sofia Rodrigues, Maria Teresa Torres Monteiro, António Ismael Freitas Vaz

  KEYWORDS: Electric Power, Stackelberg Game, Nonlinear Programming, Complementarity Constrained Optimization

  JOURNAL NAME: Smart Grid and Renewable Energy, Vol.1 No.1, June 8, 2010

  ABSTRACT: The electric power market is changing-it has passed from a regulated market, where the government of each country had the control of prices, to a deregulated market economy. Each company competes in order to get more cli.e.nts and maximize its profits. This market is represented by a Stackelberg game with two firms, leader and follower, and the leader anticipates the reaction of the follower. The problem is formulated as a Mathematical Program with Complementarity Constraints (MPCC). It is shown that the constraint qualifications usually assumed to prove convergence of standard algorithms fail to hold for MPCC. To circumvent this, a reformulation for a nonlinear problem (NLP) is proposed. Numerical tests using the NEOS server platform are presented.