TITLE:
Petrology and Petrographic Delineation of Kamlial Formation Sandstone Mong and Thorar Village, Northern Pakistan
AUTHORS:
Ehtisham Mehmood, Haishen Lv, Pei Gao, Soban Qamar
KEYWORDS:
Hazara Kashmir Syntaxis, Rawalpindi Group, Siwalik Group, Himalayas, Neogene
JOURNAL NAME:
Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection,
Vol.12 No.5,
May
31,
2024
ABSTRACT: The origin of sandstone in the Rawalpindi group is disputed because of the lesser Himalayas complicated geological structure and ongoing tectonic activity. The goal of the study is to learn more about the petrographic and geological aspects of the Siwalik molasses deposits, which are formations that belong to the same age group. The Early Miocene Kamlial Formation, the Middle to Late Miocene Chinji Formation, and the Late Miocene Nagri Formation are the stratigraphic units revealed in the project area. The texture of the sandstone found in the Rawalpindi Group and Siwalik is fine to medium-grained. The hue ranges from grey to greenish grey. The sandstone displays thin to medium-bedded layers and exhibits thin lamination throughout. The sandstone of the Kamlial Formation contains load casts, potholes, worm burrows, hematite layers, and filled and unfilled mud cracks in basic structures. Model petrographic research reveals that the Murree Formation primarily consists of light minerals like feldspar, quartzite, and felice, whereas the Kamlial Formation is composed of heavy minerals like garnet and tourmaline. Sandstone from the Rawalpindi group undergoes analysis to ascertain its provenance using the quartz feldspar lithic fragments ternary diagram technique. Each plot in the QFL diagram’s recycled orogeny provenance field is plotted.