TITLE:
Acute Toxicity and Anthelmintic Effects of Gomphrena serrata L. (Amaranthaceae) Extracts on Adult Worms and Eggs of Haemonchus contortus
AUTHORS:
Hippolyte Ouedraogo, Mohamed Bonewendé Belemlilga, Aristide Traore, Gilchrist Abdoul Laurent Boly, Félicité Moyenga, Gueswindé Geoffroy Ouedraogo, Sylvain Ilboudo, Lazare Belemnaba, Sylvin Ouedraogo
KEYWORDS:
Gomphrena serrata, Haemonchus contortus, Anthelmintic, In Vitro
JOURNAL NAME:
Pharmacology & Pharmacy,
Vol.15 No.5,
May
31,
2024
ABSTRACT: Gomphrena serrata L. (Amaranthaceae) is a medicinal plant widely used traditionally in rural areas to treat many diseases, including gastrointestinal helminthiasis of small ruminants. This work aims to estimate the plant extracts phytochemical potential and study the activities of the aqueous decoction (GS_AD), aqueous macerate (GS_AM), and hydroalcoholic macerate (GS_HEM) of Gomphrena serrata extracts on two developmental stages (eggs and adult worms) of Haemonchus contortus. Phytochemical screening was carried out. The acute toxicity test was performed according to the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) test guideline 423. The Haemonchus contortus eggs hatching inhibition test was performed left to incubate for 48 hours in the presence of the different plant extracts at increasing concentrations of 0.125; 0.25; 0.5; 0.625; 1; 2; 3 mg/mL. For the motility inhibition test on adult worms, the worms were contacted with the extracts at concentrations of 0.75; 1; 1.25; 1.5; 2; 3; 4 mg/mL and left to incubate for 24 hours. Albendazole and levamisole were used as standard. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of tannins, saponins, reducing compounds, coumarins and derivatives, anthocyanins, steroids, triterpenes, and flavonoids. An acute toxicity study showed that the oral LD50 value of G. serrata was estimated to be 5000 mg/kg. All extracts showed an effect on both stages of parasite development. The hatching inhibition rate was 100% from 3 mg/mL for all three extracts. The rate of inhibition of motility was 100% from 4 mg/mL for each extract. HEM is more efficient on eggs and Haemonchus contortus adult worms than other extracts with IC50 of 0.457 mg/mL and LC50 of 1.329 mg/mL, respectively. These results suggest that Gomphrena serrata, a plant used by farmers, has anthelmintic properties.