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Sourdis, J., & Nei, M. (1988). Relative Efficiencies of the Maximum Parsimony and Distance-Matrix Methods in Obtaining the Correct Phylogenetic Tree. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 5, 298-311.

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• TITLE: Philosophically Specified Types of Methods Important for Theoretical Natural Science*

  AUTHORS: Jaroslav Kubrycht

  KEYWORDS: Model (s), Hypothesis, Metaphor, Theoretical, Thought Experiment (s)

  JOURNAL NAME: Open Journal of Philosophy, Vol.14 No.2, May 23, 2024

  ABSTRACT: In accordance with current philosophical opinions, four classical and one more recently proposed types of methods frequently used in theoretical natural science are specified here together with the corresponding sources of inspiration. More precisely, abstract models, thought experiments, mathematical hypotheses and metaphors are dealt with here as classical types of methods, whereas hybrids of mathematical hypotheses and thought experiments represent more recent methodic group. In addition, this paper describes the relationships of the introduced types of methods to the (i) three-floor hierarchy of scientific theories, (ii) examples of ancient or recent discoveries and (iii) recent usage of computers.