TITLE:
Lower Extremity Arterial Disease in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: Prevalence and Associated Factors at the Libreville University Hospital Center
AUTHORS:
Allognon Mahutondji Christian, Ayo Bivigou Elsa, Ntoutoume Mvé Dylan Anthony, N’nang Jean-Fidel, Kinga Armel, Mpori Jamila Myrtille, Akagah Kondé Christelle, Ndoume Obiang Francis, Yékini Carole Fadylath, Ndjibah Alakoua Cajole Ludvine, Babongui Boussougou Latifah, Mipinda Jean-Bruno, Moubamba Franck, Ecke Nzengue Jean-Emmanuel, Houenassi Dèdonougbo Martin, Boguikouma Jean-Bruno
KEYWORDS:
Lower Extremity Arterial Disease, Diabetes, Hypertension, Ankle-Brachial Index, Gabon
JOURNAL NAME:
World Journal of Cardiovascular Diseases,
Vol.14 No.5,
May
17,
2024
ABSTRACT: Introduction: Lower extremity arterial disease in diabetic patients has distinct characteristics. Objectives: To study the hospital frequency of lower extremity arterial disease and identify associated factors in diabetic patients at the Libreville University Hospital Center (CHUL). Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted from July 1, 2023, to January 31, 2024, in the endocrinology department of the CHUL. All patients with type 2 diabetes over the age of 18 admitted to this department, regardless of the reason for hospitalization, who provided informed consent, were included. Socio-demographic data and cardiovascular risk factors were recorded. Personal and family cardiovascular history and functional symptoms were investigated. The physical examination included measuring blood pressure, heart rate, and the ankle-brachial index in all patients. Results: A total of 219 patients were included, of whom 75 had lower extremity arterial disease, representing a prevalence of 34.24%. It was compensated in 28 cases (37.33%) and decompensated in 39 patients (52%). In eight cases (10.67%), there was critical chronic ischemia. Cardiovascular risk factors associated with diabetes were physical inactivity (89.5%), hypertension (55.25%), overweight (49.77%), obesity (22.84%), and smoking (10.04%). In multivariate analysis, only hypertension (OR = 2.09; 95% CI: 1.05 - 4.17; p = 0.035) and LDL cholesterol (OR = 2.75; 95% CI: 1.10 - 6.85; p = 0.03) were significantly associated with lower extremity arterial disease in diabetics at the University Hospital of Libreville. Conclusion: Lower extremity arterial disease is common in diabetic patients at the University Hospital of Libreville. It is often asymptomatic, thus requiring systematic screening.[-rId11-]