TITLE:
El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) Variations and Climate Changes Worldwide
AUTHORS:
Marilia Hagen, Anibal Azevedo
KEYWORDS:
ENSO, Southern Oscillation, El Niño, Climate Anomalies
JOURNAL NAME:
Atmospheric and Climate Sciences,
Vol.14 No.2,
April
18,
2024
ABSTRACT: This investigation aims to study the El-Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events in these three phases: El Niño, La Niña, and neutral. Warm and cold events relate to the Spring/Summer seasons. This paper will search for connections between the ENSO events and climate anomalies worldwide. There is some speculation that those events would be necessary for the climate anomalies observed worldwide. After analyzing the data from the reports to the ENSO, it shows almost periodicity from 1950-2023. We emphasized the occurrence of El Niño two years, when it was most prominent, and the climate anomalies (following NOAA maps), 2015 and 2023. The results indicated that the observed climate anomalies couldn’t be linked to the abnormal events observed. The worldwide temperatures in those years enhanced mostly in 2023. It shows an abnormal behavior compared with all the years scrutinized and analyzed since the records began. Therefore, there must be unknown factors beyond ENSO that rule the worldwide temperatures and the climate anomalies observed.