TITLE:
Analysis for Effects of Temperature Rise of PV Modules upon Driving Distance of Vehicle Integrated Photovoltaic Electric Vehicles
AUTHORS:
Masafumi Yamaguchi, Yasuyuki Ota, Taizo Masuda, Christian Thiel, Anastasios Tsakalidis, Arnulf Jaeger-Waldau, Kenji Araki, Kensuke Nishioka, Tatsuya Takamoto, Takashi Nakado, Kazumi Yamada, Tsutomu Tanimoto, Yosuke Tomita, Yusuke Zushi, Kenichi Okumura, Takashi Mabuchi, Akinori Satou, Kyotaro Nakamura, Ryo Ozaki, Nobuaki Kojima, Yoshio Ohshita
KEYWORDS:
Vehicle Integrated Photovoltaics (VIPV), VIPV-Powered Electric Vehicles, Driving Distance, PV Modules, Solar Irradiation, Temperature Rise, Radiative Cooling
JOURNAL NAME:
Energy and Power Engineering,
Vol.16 No.4,
April
8,
2024
ABSTRACT: The development of vehicle integrated photovoltaics-powered electric vehicles (VIPV-EV) significantly reduces CO2 emissions from the transport sector to realize a decarbonized society. Although long-distance driving of VIPV-EV without electricity charging is expected in sunny regions, driving distance of VIPV-EV is affected by climate conditions such as solar irradiation and temperature rise of PV modules. In this paper, detailed analytical results for effects of climate conditions such as solar irradiation and temperature rise of PV modules upon driving distance of the VIPV-EV were presented by using test data for Toyota Prius and Nissan Van demonstration cars installed with high-efficiency InGaP/GaAs/InGaAs 3-junction solar cell modules with a module efficiency of more than 30%. The temperature rise of some PV modules studied in this study was shown to be expressed by some coefficients related to solar irradiation, wind speed and radiative cooling. The potential of VIPV-EV to be deployed in 10 major cities was also analyzed. Although sunshine cities such as Phoenix show the high reduction ratio of driving range with 17% due to temperature rise of VIPV modules, populous cities such as Tokyo show low reduction ratio of 9%. It was also shown in this paper that the difference between the driving distance of VIPV-EV driving in the morning and the afternoon is due to PV modules’ radiative cooling. In addition, the importance of heat dissipation of PV modules and the development of high-efficiency PV modules with better temperature coefficients was suggested in order to expand driving range of VIPV-EV. The effects of air-conditioner usage and partial shading in addition to the effects of temperature rise of VIPV modules were suggested as the other power losses of VIPV-EV.