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Institute of Medicine (US) Committee to Review Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin D and Calcium, Ross, A.C., Taylor, C.L., Yaktine, A.L. and Del Valle, H.B. (2011) Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium and Vitamin D. National Academies Press, Washington DC.

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• TITLE: Understanding Osteoporosis: Pathophysiology, Risk Factors, Diagnosis, and Management

  AUTHORS: Mahmoud Ismail

  KEYWORDS: Osteoporosis, Bone Mineral Density, Fractures, Risk Factors, Diagnosis, Management, FRAX (Fracture Risk Assessment Tool), Trabecular Bone Score (TBS)

  JOURNAL NAME: Advances in Aging Research, Vol.13 No.3, April 7, 2024

  ABSTRACT: Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disease characterized by low bone mineral density (BMD) and deterioration of bone architecture, resulting in reduced bone strength and, consequently, increased susceptibility to fractures which poses a significant public health concern worldwide, particularly in aging populations [1]. The health-economic impact of vertebral and hip fractures has been extensively explored and it is well known that these fractures are associated with morbidity/disability and increased mortality; they also account for a substantial portion of the direct fracture costs. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of osteoporosis, including its pathophysiology, risk factors, diagnostic approaches, and management strategies. By elucidating the multifaceted nature of this condition, healthcare providers can better identify individuals at risk, implement preventive measures, and optimize treatment to reduce the burden of osteoporotic fractures.