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Levanon, D. (2023) Chapter: Forward: Agricultural Development and Soil Deterioration After the Hula Drainage. In: Gophen, M., Ed., Agriculture, Recreation, Water Quality and Nature Protection in the Hula Valley, Israel, Springer, Cham, vii-xx.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-23412-5

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: The Impact of Hula Project (1993-2018) on Nutrient Migrations

  AUTHORS: Moshe Gophen

  KEYWORDS: Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Migration, Runoff, Peat Land, Headwaters

  JOURNAL NAME: Open Journal of Ecology, Vol.14 No.3, March 21, 2024

  ABSTRACT: During the 1950s the Hula wetlands and old lake were drained and the land converted utilization to agriculture and ecotourism. As a result of the drainage, the Peat Soil was exposed to atmospheric oxygen. The geochemical environment was modified from reductive to oxidative and the Nitrogen in it was converted from Ammonium to Nitrate. Intensive migration of Nitrate from the Hula Valley induced a national concern of water quality deterioration in the lake which was dissipated when Nitrogen deficiency was developed in Lake Kinneret. Forty years after drainage the ecosystem structure was renovated (Hula Project, HP) aimed at agricultural management and nutrient migration reduction. The paper examines through evaluation of the ecological data record (1993-2018) the impact of hydrological changes, attributed to the HP implementation on nutrient dynamics within surface waters in the Hula Valley. It is suggested that soil moisture elevation by irrigation in summer reduced Phosphorus and enhanced Nitrate concentrations.