TITLE:
Gummy Smile and Craniofacial Typologies in an Adolescent Population
AUTHORS:
Farid Bourzgui, Kenza Khamlich, Sara Moustahfid, Zineb Serhier
KEYWORDS:
Smiling, Vertical Dimension, Cephalometry, Malocclusion, Orthodontics, Adolescent, Morocco
JOURNAL NAME:
Open Access Library Journal,
Vol.11 No.1,
January
29,
2024
ABSTRACT: The aim was to assess the craniofacial characteristics of patients with a gummy smile, classifying the types of gummy smile in a population of adolescents, and then estimating the impact of orthodontic treatment with premolar extractions on the persistence of this type of smile. Based on 64 complete orthodontic records, a cross-sectional study was conducted over a period of 4 months in the orthodontics department of Casablanca. The study used the analysis of various craniofacial parameters from data collected from clinical records. Estimation of the gingival smile was performed according to the four types proposed by Wu et al. 2010. Data analysis was carried out using Jamovi 2021 software (Version 1.8). The chi2 test was performed to compare the data and a p-value of 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The gingival smile was present in 35.9% of the adolescent population. Girls were more likely to have a gummy smile than boys, however the statistical correlation was not significant. Facial convexity was most common in patients with a gingival smile. Resting stomion was most common in the gummy smile population. Increased overjet and overbite were most common in the gummy smile population. Skeletal class II and hyperdivergent facies were the most frequent in adolescents with a gingival smile. In conclusion, a predominance of the female gender with a sex ratio of 2:1 characterized the adolescents with a gummy smile. The majority of the cases presented a type I gingival smile defined by a continuous gingival band covering the entire smile arch, followed by type IV defined by a significant gingival exposure only in the anterior sector.