TITLE:
Anticancer Activity of Senna Leaf and Fenugreek Seed against Lung and Prostate Cancer Cell Lines
AUTHORS:
Yousef M. Almutairi, Naif M. Alhawiti, Elbert Lewis Myles, William Boadi
KEYWORDS:
Senna Leaf, fenugreek Seed, Lung Cancer, Prostate Cancer, Lipid Peroxidation, Caspase-3
JOURNAL NAME:
Open Access Library Journal,
Vol.11 No.1,
January
29,
2024
ABSTRACT: Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. The United States is anticipated to experience 1,958,310 new cases of cancer and 609,820 cancer-related deaths in 2023. The most common cases of cancer are breast cancer, prostate cancer, leukemia, thyroid cancer, bladder cancer, and liver cancer. Cancer treatment represents a major challenge for governments and the health and pharmaceutical fields, due to the high cost in addition to the presence of side effects. Plants are a rich source of secondary metabolites, which contain therapeutic properties for many diseases such as microbial diseases, infections, hyperglycemia, cholesterol, in addition to cancers. The sole purpose of the study is to determine the advantages of using natural cancer treatments such as the use of Senna leaf and fenugreek seed. Different concentrations of extracts of Senna leaf and fenugreek seed were exposed to cancer cell lines taken from lung and prostate. Cell viability was measured using crystal violet, along with a Caspase-3 antagonist to detect apoptosis. Peroxidation of lipid assays was evaluated to determine antioxidant activity. It was found that the cell viability decreased in general with increasing concentration of extracts in two types of cancer cells (PC3 and A549). MDA (Malondialdehyde) level activities were reduced in cancer cell lines demonstrating reduction of lipid peroxidation in the cancer cell, and the tested samples indicated that the inhibition was dose dependent. With concentrations ranging from 0.46 mg/ml - 0.9 mg/ml for Senna leaf extracts on A549 and PC3 respectively, and a concentration of 1.1 mg/ml for fenugreek seed extracts on the two types of cancer cell lines. The study showed an increase in the production of the Caspase-3 enzyme in PC3 and A549 when the concentration of the extracts increased. Also, showed that Senna leaf extract and fenugreek seed had high efficacy against cancerous cells, which could be an effective treatment or prevention of cancers caused by PC-3 and A549 cell strains.