TITLE:
Epidemiological, Clinical Progress Aspects of Congenital Heart Disease with Neonatal Revelation at the Mother-Child Hospital of Bingerville (HME) Concerning 98 Cases from January 2021 to December 2022 (Côte d’Ivoire)
AUTHORS:
Adja Evelyne Akaffou-Gbery, Richard Azagoh-Kouadio, Anne-Lise Laetitia Mobio, Jean-Jacques Yao Atteby, Serenah Marie Janice N’vrah Anoh, Kouassi Raoul Yao
KEYWORDS:
Newborn, Congenital Heart Disease, Côte d’Ivoire
JOURNAL NAME:
Open Journal of Pediatrics,
Vol.14 No.1,
January
16,
2024
ABSTRACT: IntroductionThe distribution of congenital
heart disease (CHD) in sub-Saharan Africa is highly imprecise and varies from
one region to another due to the inequality of diagnostic facilities. The aim
of this study was to determine the in-hospital prevalence of congenital heart
disease in children at the Mother-Child hospital of Bingerville (HME) by
specifying the diagnostic, therapeutic and evolutionary aspects. Materials
and methods We conducted a retrospective, descriptive, cross-sectional
study at HME of Bingerville from January 2021 to December 2022. All newborns
with congenital heart disease confirmed by echocardiography were included in
the study. Results Of 656 admissions to the neonatology department over
the study period, congenital heart disease accounted for 14.9% (98/656) of
cases. In our series, 76.7% were diagnosed before the 1st week of life, with a
mean chronological age of 5.18 days and extremes of 0 and 46 days. There were
as many male patients (50%) as female (50%), i.e. a sex ratio of 1. These newborns were premature in 60.2% of
cases, with a mean and median gestational age of 34 weeks’ amenorrhea. Most
were left-right shunts (90.8%). Persistent ductus arteriosus (PDA) (48.9%)
predominated, followed by atrial septal defect (38.7%), ventricular septal
defect (13.3%), common trunk artery (CTA) (3.1%) and open septal pulmonary
atresia (OSPA) (1%) as the primary cyanogenic heart disease. Pulmonary arterial
hypertension (PAH) (50%) was primary in 38.8% and secondary (61.2%). The
mortality rate was 30.6%, and all CTA patients died (100%), with a significant
statistical relationship (p = 0.027). Progression under treatment was marked by
clinical stabilization (68/98) in 69.4% of cases. Conclusion: Congenital
heart disease is relatively common at the Bingerville HME. Access to
echocardiography should be facilitated in neonatology departments for rapid
diagnosis and optimal management of congenital heart disease in newborns.