TITLE:
The Extended Non-Elementary Amplitude Functions as Solutions to the Damped Pendulum Equation, the Van der Pol Equation, the Damped Duffing Equation, the Lienard Equation and the Lorenz Equations
AUTHORS:
Magne Stensland
KEYWORDS:
Non-Elementary Functions, Second-Order Nonlinear Autonomous ODE, Damped Pendulum Equation, Van der Pol Equation, Damped Duffing Equation, Lienard Equation, Lorenz System
JOURNAL NAME:
Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics,
Vol.11 No.11,
November
10,
2023
ABSTRACT: In this paper, we define some non-elementary amplitude functions that are giving solutions to some well-known second-order nonlinear ODEs and the Lorenz equations, but not the chaos case. We are giving the solutions a name, a symbol and putting them into a group of functions and into the context of other functions. These solutions are equal to the amplitude, or upper limit of integration in a non-elementary integral that can be arbitrary. In order to define solutions to some short second-order nonlinear ODEs, we will make an extension to the general amplitude function. The only disadvantage is that the first derivative to these solutions contains an integral that disappear at the second derivation. We will also do a second extension: the two-integral amplitude function. With this extension we have the solution to a system of ODEs having a very strange behavior. Using the extended amplitude functions, we can define solutions to many short second-order nonlinear ODEs.