TITLE:
Study of Cerebral Vascular Accidents in Children with Sickle Cell from 6 Months to 15 Years of Age at the Gabriel Toure University Hospital Center
AUTHORS:
Mohamed Elmouloud Cissé, Abdoul Aziz Diakité, Adama Dembélé, Belco Maiga, Moussa Diallo, Abdoul Karim Doumbia, Oumar Coulibaly, Pierre Togo, Hawa Gouro Diall, Abdoulaye Barry, Karamoko Sacko, Amadou Touré, Issa Sanou, Fousseyny Traore, Djeneba Konaté, Kalirou Traoré, Lala N’Drainy Sidibé, Bory Traoré, Ibrahim Ahamadou, Yacouba Aba Coulibaly, Hawa Konaré, Aminata Doumbia
KEYWORDS:
Sickle Cell Anemia, Vessels, Brain, Children
JOURNAL NAME:
Open Journal of Pediatrics,
Vol.13 No.6,
November
8,
2023
ABSTRACT: Sickle cell disease is a hereditary disease that remains a public health
problem in Mali. Our objective was to study strokes in children with sickle
cell disease aged from 6 months to 15 years in the pediatrics department of the
Gabriel Toure university hospital center. This was a retrospective descriptive
study from April 1, 2019 to March 31, 2021 and prospective from April 1, 2021
to April 30, 2022, i.e. 3 years,
which took place in the Pediatrics department of the Gabriel Toure university
hospital center. During this study, we identified 22 cases of stroke among 714
children with sickle cell disease. The frequency of stroke in this population
is 3.08%. The age group from1 to 5 years was the most affected with 40.9%. The
average age of the patients was 7 years with extremes ranging from 1 year to 15
years and a median of 5 years. The male gender was predominant with 54.5%, for
a sex ratio of 1.2. Headaches were the most common neurological antecedents
(63.5%). Half of the patients were diagnosed with sickle cell disease after the
onset of the stroke. The installation of the deficit was progressive in 54.5%
of cases. Consciousness disorders were the most
frequent reason of consultation (27.2%), followed by convulsions (18.1%). The most common
neurological signs were impaired consciousness and hemiparesis with 45.5% each.
The stroke was ischemic in 100% of cases. There were 95.5% of SS forms and 4.5%
of Sβ0thalassemia forms.
Our patients had a hemoglobin level less than 7 g/dl in
57.1% of cases and between 7 and 9 g/dl in
42.8% of cases and hyperleukocytosis (leukocytes > 10,000/mm3)
in 95.4% of cases. The Sylvian artery was the most affected (45.5%). The
fatality rate was 22.7%.