TITLE:
Proper Understanding of the Nerve Impulses and the Action Potential
AUTHORS:
Salama Abdelhady
KEYWORDS:
Nerve Impulses, Action Potential, Electric Charges, Entropy, Electromagnetic Waves, Thermoelectric Generators
JOURNAL NAME:
World Journal of Neuroscience,
Vol.13 No.3,
July
31,
2023
ABSTRACT: Neurologists
define the transmission of nerve impulses across the membranes of the neural
cells as a result of difference in the concentration of ions while they measured an electric
potential, called as an action potential, which allows the propagation of such nerve impulses as electrical signals.
Such measurements should guide them to a logical explanation of the nerve impulses as electric charges driven by the measured action
potential. However, such logical conclusion, or explanation, is ignored due to a
wrong definition of the flow of electric charges as a flow of electrons that
cannot pass through neural networks. According to recent studies, electric
charges are properly defined as electromagnetic (EM) waves whose energy is
expressed as the product of its propagating electric potential times their entropy flow which is
adhered to the flow of such energy. Such definition matches the logical conclusion of the
nerve impulses as electric charges, as previously explained, and defines the entropy of the neural network, measured by
Ammeters, in Watt or Joule/Volt. The measured entropy represents a
neurodiagnostic property of the neural networks that measures its capacity to
allow the flow of energy per unit action potential. Theoretical verification of the innovative definition of nerve impulses is presented by following an advanced
entropy approach. A proper review of the
machine records of the stimulating electric charges, used in the diagnosis of the neural
networks, and the stimulated nerve impulses or stimulated responses, represents practical
verifications of the innovative definitions of the electric charges and the
nerve impulses. Comparing the functioning of the thermoelectric generators and
the brain neurons,
such neurons are defined as thermoelectric generators of the electric nerve impulses and their propagating, or action,
potential.