TITLE:
Development and Validation of a Short Version of the Scale for Parent to Baby Emotions (SPBE-20): Conceptual Replication among Pregnant Women in Japan
AUTHORS:
Ayako Hada, Satoru Takeda, Masumi Imura, Toshinori Kitamura
KEYWORDS:
Basic Emotion, Self-Conscious Emotion, Conceptual Replication, Measure-ment Invariance, Postnatal Woman, Pregnant Women
JOURNAL NAME:
Psychology,
Vol.14 No.6,
June
30,
2023
ABSTRACT: The Scale for Parent-to-Baby Emotion (SPBE) is a 73-item self-report measure of maternal emotions towards a baby. This study aimed to develop and validate a short version of the SPBE. In Study 1, women with a 1-month-old baby (N = 879) were given a set of questionnaires via a website to create a short version of the scale. In Study 2, we performed explanatory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and measurement invariance of the SPBE short version among 696 women in their 1st trimester. In Study 3, measurement invariance of the short version of the scale between postnatal and prenatal women in Studies 1 and 2 was examined and the subscale scores were linked to the other correlates. In Study 1, the short version (SPBE-20) with 6-basic and 4-self-conscious emotion subscales was developed. In Study 2, the 6-basic emotions model showed acceptable fit: χ2/df = 4.251, CFI = .951, and RMSEA = .068. The 4-self-conscious emotions model also showed acceptable fit: χ2/df = 5.508, CFI = .964, and RMSEA = .081. All coefficient omega of subscales were >.59. The 4-self-conscious emotions model showed configural up to factor covariance invariance across parity and age. In Study 3, measurement invariance of the 6-basic emotions model was rejected, whereas the 4-self-conscious emotions model showed metric invariance. The subscale scores were significantly correlated with depression, obsessive compulsive symptoms, borderline personality traits, and tokophobia (p