TITLE:
Yang-Mills Mass Gap Problem: A Possible Solution
AUTHORS:
Antonio Puccini
KEYWORDS:
Electromagnetic (EM), Quantum Fields Theory (QFT), Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking (SSB), Gluon (G), Photon (P)
JOURNAL NAME:
Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics,
Vol.11 No.6,
June
30,
2023
ABSTRACT: As known, the spontaneous symmetry breaking (SSB) and the Brout-Englert-Higgs Mechanism (BEH-M) solved the Yang-Mills Mass Gap Problem. However, various mathematicians, even prestigious ones, consider the basic assumptions of the gauge theories to be wrong, as well as in conflict with the experimental evidence and in clear disagreement with the facts, distorting the physical reality itself. Likewise, these theories are mathematically inconsistent, adopting a mathematical structure somewhat complicated and arbitrary, which does not satisfy the strong demands for coherence. The weakest point of the gauge theories, in our opinion, consists in imposing that all the particles must be free of an intrinsic mass. On the contrary, even for the particle considered universally massless, i.e. the photon, our calculations show a dynamic-mass, a push-momentum (p) of 1.325 × 10-22 [g⋅cm/s]. With this work we try to provide a possible solution to the Yang-Mills Mass Gap Problem, but without taking into account the SSB, nor using the BEH-M. We try to provide a mathematical explanation for this phenomenon, considering that in the spectrum of the Yang-Mills theory, there is a mass gap, that is, the difference between the energy of the vacuum state and the first excited state is different from zero. In other words, the lightest of the particles predicted by the theory must have a strictly positive mass to explain the short range of strong nuclear forces. It is clear, indeed, that if we replaced this value with the null value of the photon inserted in the equations of the Perturbation Theory, the Quantum Fields Theory and the Yang-Mills theories, all divergences, that is all zeroes and infinities, would suddenly disappear. Consequently, the limits imposed by the SSB disappear so that there is no longer any need to deny the mass to the Nuclear Forces bosons, including the Yang-Mills b quantum.