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Sun, Y.L., Obasi, G., Hamelin, C.J., Vasileiou, A.N., Flint, T.F., Balakrishnan, J., Smith, M.C. and Francis, J.A. (2019) Effects of Dilution on Alloy Content and Microstructure in Multi-Pass Steel Welds. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 265, 71-86.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2018.09.037

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Predicting the Volume Fraction of Martensite in Welded Mild Steel Joint Reinforced with Titanium Alloy Powder

  AUTHORS: Alain Ngenzi, Stephen A. Akinlabi, Anthony K. Muchiri

  KEYWORDS: Finite Element Analysis, Martensite Volume Fraction, Dilution, Koistinen and Marburger Equation

  JOURNAL NAME: Modeling and Numerical Simulation of Material Science, Vol.13 No.2, April 30, 2023

  ABSTRACT: Welded mild steel is used in different applications in engineering. To strengthen the joint, the weld can be reinforced by adding titanium alloy powder to the joint. This results in the formation of incomplete martensite in a welded joint. The incomplete martensite affects mechanical properties. Therefore, this study aims to predict the volume fraction of martensite in reinforced butt welded joints to understand complex phenomena during microstructure formation. To do so, a combination of the finite element method to predict temperature history, and the Koistinen and Marburger equation, were used to predict the volume fraction of martensite. The martensite start temperature was calculated using chemical elements obtained from the dilution-based mixture rule. The curve shape of martensite evolution was observed to be relatively linear due to the small quantity of martensite volume fraction. The simulated result correlated with experimental work documented in the literature. The model can be used in other powder addition techniques where the martensite can be observed in the final microstructure.