TITLE:
Epidemiological Patterns of Common Cancers in Costa Rica: An Overview up to 2020
AUTHORS:
Calderon Alejandro, Guzman Percy, Murphy Jack
KEYWORDS:
Epidemiological Patterns, Cancers, Costa Rica
JOURNAL NAME:
Open Journal of Social Sciences,
Vol.11 No.6,
June
29,
2023
ABSTRACT: Introduction: The increasing cancer incidence and mortality rates in Costa Rica have become
a public health concern, with prostate, breast, and colorectal cancers being the
most prevalent. This study aimed to analyze the trends in cancer incidence and mortality
rates by tumor type, sex, age group, and geographic region using data from the Costa
Rican National Cancer Registry. Methods: In this retrospective study, we
analyzed cancer incidence and mortality anonymized data from the Costa Rican National
Cancer Registry between 2010 and 2020. The study included data on cancer cases diagnosed
and deaths attributable to cancer within the population. Results: Our findings
revealed variations in cancer incidence and mortality rates based on geographic region, age group, and tumor type. Cancer was
most predominant in the province of San Jose, followed by Alajuela, Heredia,
Cartago, Guanacaste, and Puntarenas. Breast cancer,
colorectal cancer, and prostate cancer were the leading causes of cancer in both
sexes. Mortality rates due to gastric cancer and prostate cancer were highest among
men, while breast cancer was the leading cause of cancer mortality among
women. Conclusion: The results of this study underscore the need for targeted
prevention and screening programs, improved access to treatment for patients living
in rural areas, and a comprehensive cancer control program in Costa Rica. By implementing
evidence-based interventions, such as tobacco control programs, cancer screening
initiatives, and equitable access to cancer treatment, the cancer burden in Costa
Rica can be mitigated, ultimately improving the overall health of the population.