TITLE:
Maternal Vitamin D Deficiency and Risk of Development of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Scoping Review
AUTHORS:
Yureka Demini Wimalajeewa, Usha Pushkala Kumari Hettiaratchi, Thamara Dilhani Amarasekara, Shamini Prathapan, Mathota Arachchilage Madura Mangala Jayawardane
KEYWORDS:
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, Maternal, Vitamin D Deficiency
JOURNAL NAME:
Journal of Biosciences and Medicines,
Vol.11 No.4,
April
23,
2023
ABSTRACT: Background: Maternal vitamin D status is a critical determinant during pregnancy, because it plays an important role in the body not only in calcium homeostasis and bone remodeling, but also in the glucose metabolism. Vitamin D deficiency is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes including gestational diabetes mellitus. Objective: To review evidence on the association between maternal vitamin D deficiency and incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Methods: PRISMA for scoping review guideline and scoping review guidelines of Arksey & O’Malley (2005) was followed in methodological process. A comprehensive search strategy was carried out across the Google Scholar and PubMed from January 2012 to December 2022, using the search terms of “gestational diabetes mellitus/pregnancy outcomes” combined with “vitamin D”, “cholecalciferol” or “25-hydroxyvitamin D” and/or “deficiency”. Articles were screened at the title and the abstract level and at full text by three co-investigators of the study independently with a fourth reviewer resolving discrepancies. Research studies published only in English language were selected. Research using pregnant mothers with multiple pregnancy and chronic diseases was excluded. Results: After screening 134 titles and abstracts, finally 55 original research articles were selected. It involved 48 observational studies and 7 Randomized Control Trials (RCT). Only 30 research articles had found an association between maternal vitamin D deficiency and GDM. Conclusion: As results of previous studies are mixed and inconclusive, further research including more RCTs is needed to clarify the exact mechanism of vitamin D on glucose metabolism during pregnancy.